Why does the spread of COVID-19 vary greatly in different countries? Revealing the efficacy of face masks in epidemic prevention.
Identifieur interne : 000031 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000030; suivant : 000032Why does the spread of COVID-19 vary greatly in different countries? Revealing the efficacy of face masks in epidemic prevention.
Auteurs : Jincheng Wei [République populaire de Chine] ; Shurui Guo [République populaire de Chine] ; Enshen Long [République populaire de Chine] ; Li Zhang [République populaire de Chine] ; Bizhen Shu [République populaire de Chine] ; Lei Guo [République populaire de Chine]Source :
- Epidemiology and infection [ 1469-4409 ] ; 2021.
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is highly contagious, and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by it has forced many countries to adopt 'lockdown' measures to prevent the spread of the epidemic through social isolation of citizens. Some countries proposed universal mask wearing as a protection measure of public health to strengthen national prevention efforts and to limit the wider spread of the epidemic. In order to reveal the epidemic prevention efficacy of masks, this paper systematically evaluates the experimental studies of various masks and filter materials, summarises the general characteristics of the filtration efficiency of isolation masks with particle size, and reveals the actual efficacy of masks by combining the volume distribution characteristics of human exhaled droplets with different particle sizes and the SARS-CoV-2 virus load of nasopharynx and throat swabs from patients. The existing measured data show that the filtration efficiency of all kinds of masks for large particles and extra-large droplets is close to 100%. From the perspective of filtering the total number of pathogens discharged in the environment and protecting vulnerable individuals from breathing live viruses, the mask has a higher protective effect. If considering the weighted average filtration efficiency with different particle sizes, the filtration efficiencies of the N95 mask and the ordinary mask are 99.4% and 98.5%, respectively. The mask can avoid releasing active viruses to the environment from the source of infection, thus maximising the protection of vulnerable individuals by reducing the probability of inhaling a virus. Therefore, if the whole society strictly implements the policy of publicly wearing masks, the risk of large-scale spread of the epidemic can be greatly reduced. Compared with the overall cost of social isolation, limited personal freedoms and forced suspension of economic activities, the inconvenience for citizens caused by wearing masks is perfectly acceptable.
DOI: 10.1017/S0950268821000108
PubMed: 33441205
Affiliations:
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Some countries proposed universal mask wearing as a protection measure of public health to strengthen national prevention efforts and to limit the wider spread of the epidemic. In order to reveal the epidemic prevention efficacy of masks, this paper systematically evaluates the experimental studies of various masks and filter materials, summarises the general characteristics of the filtration efficiency of isolation masks with particle size, and reveals the actual efficacy of masks by combining the volume distribution characteristics of human exhaled droplets with different particle sizes and the SARS-CoV-2 virus load of nasopharynx and throat swabs from patients. The existing measured data show that the filtration efficiency of all kinds of masks for large particles and extra-large droplets is close to 100%. From the perspective of filtering the total number of pathogens discharged in the environment and protecting vulnerable individuals from breathing live viruses, the mask has a higher protective effect. If considering the weighted average filtration efficiency with different particle sizes, the filtration efficiencies of the N95 mask and the ordinary mask are 99.4% and 98.5%, respectively. The mask can avoid releasing active viruses to the environment from the source of infection, thus maximising the protection of vulnerable individuals by reducing the probability of inhaling a virus. Therefore, if the whole society strictly implements the policy of publicly wearing masks, the risk of large-scale spread of the epidemic can be greatly reduced. Compared with the overall cost of social isolation, limited personal freedoms and forced suspension of economic activities, the inconvenience for citizens caused by wearing masks is perfectly acceptable.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="In-Process" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">33441205</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2021</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>25</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1469-4409</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>149</Volume><PubDate><Year>2021</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>14</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Epidemiology and infection</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Epidemiol Infect</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Why does the spread of COVID-19 vary greatly in different countries? Revealing the efficacy of face masks in epidemic prevention.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>e24</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1017/S0950268821000108</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is highly contagious, and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by it has forced many countries to adopt 'lockdown' measures to prevent the spread of the epidemic through social isolation of citizens. Some countries proposed universal mask wearing as a protection measure of public health to strengthen national prevention efforts and to limit the wider spread of the epidemic. In order to reveal the epidemic prevention efficacy of masks, this paper systematically evaluates the experimental studies of various masks and filter materials, summarises the general characteristics of the filtration efficiency of isolation masks with particle size, and reveals the actual efficacy of masks by combining the volume distribution characteristics of human exhaled droplets with different particle sizes and the SARS-CoV-2 virus load of nasopharynx and throat swabs from patients. The existing measured data show that the filtration efficiency of all kinds of masks for large particles and extra-large droplets is close to 100%. From the perspective of filtering the total number of pathogens discharged in the environment and protecting vulnerable individuals from breathing live viruses, the mask has a higher protective effect. If considering the weighted average filtration efficiency with different particle sizes, the filtration efficiencies of the N95 mask and the ordinary mask are 99.4% and 98.5%, respectively. The mask can avoid releasing active viruses to the environment from the source of infection, thus maximising the protection of vulnerable individuals by reducing the probability of inhaling a virus. Therefore, if the whole society strictly implements the policy of publicly wearing masks, the risk of large-scale spread of the epidemic can be greatly reduced. Compared with the overall cost of social isolation, limited personal freedoms and forced suspension of economic activities, the inconvenience for citizens caused by wearing masks is perfectly acceptable.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wei</LastName><ForeName>Jincheng</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-3092-850X</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Guo</LastName><ForeName>Shurui</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Long</LastName><ForeName>Enshen</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0003-0774-4275</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhang</LastName><ForeName>Li</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Solid Waste Treatment Technology, Sichuan Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Pollution Control for Heavy Metals, Sichuan Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Shu</LastName><ForeName>Bizhen</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Guo</LastName><ForeName>Lei</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2021</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>14</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>Epidemiol Infect</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>8703737</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0950-2688</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">COVID-19</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">filtration efficiency</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">mask</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">public health</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">spread risk</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2021</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>15</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2021</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>15</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2021</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>14</Day><Hour>5</Hour><Minute>32</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">33441205</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1017/S0950268821000108</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S0950268821000108</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>République populaire de Chine</li></country></list><tree><country name="République populaire de Chine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Wei, Jincheng" sort="Wei, Jincheng" uniqKey="Wei J" first="Jincheng" last="Wei">Jincheng Wei</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Guo, Lei" sort="Guo, Lei" uniqKey="Guo L" first="Lei" last="Guo">Lei Guo</name><name sortKey="Guo, Shurui" sort="Guo, Shurui" uniqKey="Guo S" first="Shurui" last="Guo">Shurui Guo</name><name sortKey="Long, Enshen" sort="Long, Enshen" uniqKey="Long E" first="Enshen" last="Long">Enshen Long</name><name sortKey="Shu, Bizhen" sort="Shu, Bizhen" uniqKey="Shu B" first="Bizhen" last="Shu">Bizhen Shu</name><name sortKey="Zhang, Li" sort="Zhang, Li" uniqKey="Zhang L" first="Li" last="Zhang">Li Zhang</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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